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socialist or communist

  • 1 socialist

    1. n социалист
    2. a социалистический
    Синонимический ряд:
    communist (noun) Bolshevik; bolshevist; collectivist; communist; Marxian socialist; Marxist; proletarian; revolutionary; soviet

    English-Russian base dictionary > socialist

  • 2 Communist Party of Great Britain

    [,kɔmjunɪst,pɑːtɪəv'greɪt,brɪtn]
    Коммунисти́ческая па́ртия Великобрита́нии (основана в 1920 в результате объединения левого крыла Британской социалистической партии [British Socialist Party], Социалистической рабочей партии [Socialist Labour Party], Социалистической федерации рабочих [Workers' Socialist Federation], Социалистической ассоциации Южного Уэльса [South Wales Socialist Society], ирландских социалистов и др. В 1920 вошла в Коминтерн. В 1977 XXXV съезд партии внёс изменения в программу "Путь Британии к социализму" [Britain's Road to Socialism]. Высший орган партии - съезд, кот. созывается раз в 2 года, в перерывах между съездами - Исполнительный комитет, избирающий Политический комитет. Численность партии ок. 5,5 тыс. чел.; см. тж. Communist Party of Britain)

    English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > Communist Party of Great Britain

  • 3 Socialist Party / Partido Socialista

    (PS)
       Although the Socialist Party's origins can be traced back to the 1850s, its existence has not been continuous. The party did not achieve or maintain a large base of support until after the Revolution of 25 April 1974. Historically, it played only a minor political role when compared to other European socialist parties.
       During the Estado Novo, the PS found it difficult to maintain a clandestine existence, and the already weak party literally withered away. Different groups and associations endeavored to keep socialist ideals alive, but they failed to create an organizational structure that would endure. In 1964, Mário Soares, Francisco Ramos da Costa, and Manuel Tito de Morais established the Portuguese Socialist Action / Acção Socialista Português (ASP) in Geneva, a group of individuals with similar views rather than a true political party. Most members were middle-class professionals committed to democratizing the nation. The rigidity of the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) led some to join the ASP.
       By the early 1970s, ASP nuclei existed beyond Portugal in Paris, London, Rome, Brussels, Frankfurt, Sweden, and Switzerland; these consisted of members studying, working, teaching, researching, or in other activities. Extensive connections were developed with other foreign socialist parties. Changing conditions in Portugal, as well as the colonial wars, led several ASP members to advocate the creation of a real political party, strengthening the organization within Portugal, and positioning this to compete for power once the regime changed.
       The current PS was founded clandestinely on 19 April 1973, by a group of 27 exiled Portuguese and domestic ASP representatives at the Kurt Schumacher Academy of the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung in Bad Munstereifel, West Germany. The founding philosophy was influenced by nondogmatic Marxism as militants sought to create a classless society. The rhetoric was to be revolutionary to outflank its competitors, especially the PCP, on its left. The party hoped to attract reform-minded Catholics and other groups that were committed to democracy but could not support the communists.
       At the time of the 1974 revolution, the PS was little more than an elite faction based mainly among exiles. It was weakly organized and had little grassroots support outside the major cities and larger towns. Its organization did not improve significantly until the campaign for the April 1975 constituent elections. Since then, the PS has become very pragmatic and moderate and has increasingly diluted its socialist program until it has become a center-left party. Among the party's most consistent principles in its platform since the late 1970s has been its support for Portugal's membership in the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Union (EU), a view that clashed with those of its rivals to the left, especially the PCP. Given the PS's broad base of support, the increased distance between its leftist rhetoric and its more conservative actions has led to sharp internal divisions in the party. The PS and the Social Democratic Party (PSD) are now the two dominant parties in the Portuguese political party system.
       In doctrine and rhetoric the PS has undergone a de-Marxification and a movement toward the center as a means to challenge its principal rival for hegemony, the PSD. The uneven record of the PS in general elections since its victory in 1975, and sometimes its failure to keep strong legislative majorities, have discouraged voters. While the party lost the 1979 and 1980 general elections, it triumphed in the 1983 elections, when it won 36 percent of the vote, but it still did not gain an absolute majority in the Assembly of the Republic. The PSD led by Cavaco Silva dominated elections from 1985 to 1995, only to be defeated by the PS in the 1995 general elections. By 2000, the PS had conquered the commanding heights of the polity: President Jorge Sampaio had been reelected for a second term, PS prime minister António Guterres was entrenched, and the mayor of Lisbon was João Soares, son of the former socialist president, Mário Soares (1986-96).
       The ideological transformation of the PS occurred gradually after 1975, within the context of a strong PSD, an increasingly conservative electorate, and the de-Marxification of other European Socialist parties, including those in Germany and Scandinavia. While the PS paid less attention to the PCP on its left and more attention to the PSD, party leaders shed Marxist trappings. In the 1986 PS official program, for example, the text does not include the word Marxism.
       Despite the party's election victories in the mid- and late-1990s, the leadership discovered that their grasp of power and their hegemony in governance at various levels was threatened by various factors: President Jorge Sampaio's second term, the constitution mandated, had to be his last.
       Following the defeat of the PS by the PSD in the municipal elections of December 2001, Premier Antônio Guterres resigned his post, and President Sampaio dissolved parliament and called parliamentary elections for the spring. In the 17 March 2002 elections, following Guterres's resignation as party leader, the PS was defeated by the PSD by a vote of 40 percent to 38 percent. Among the factors that brought about the socialists' departure from office was the worsening post-September 11 economy and disarray within the PS leadership circles, as well as charges of corruption among PS office holders. However, the PS won 45 percent of the vote in parliamentary elections of 2005, and the leader of the party, José Sócrates, a self-described "market-oriented socialist" became prime minister.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Socialist Party / Partido Socialista

  • 4 Communist Party of the United States

    сокр CPUSA
    Политическая партия, оформившаяся как движение в сентябре 1919 [ Communist Party of America] вследствие раскола Социалистической партии [ Socialist Party] и выхода из нее левого крыла. Под таким названием существует с 1930, когда ее возглавил У. Фостер [ Foster, William Zebulon]. В период Великой депрессии [ Great Depression] играла большую роль в политической жизни страны, но стала быстро терять влияние после подписания пакта Молотова-Риббентропа в 1939. С началом холодной войны [ cold war], после принятия антикоммунистического законодательства и проведения судебных процессов по обвинению некоторых лидеров в подстрекательстве к мятежу, была практически запрещена в 1954, но в 1966 возобновила открытую деятельность. Ее существование практически не отражается на современной политической жизни США, особенно после распада СССР, когда прекратилось ее финансирование из внешних источников

    English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Communist Party of the United States

  • 5 Socialist Workers' Party

    ист
    Была основана в 1937 как наследница Коммунистической лиги Америки [Communist League of America] Дж. Кэнноном [Cannon, James P.] и группой американских троцкистов. Ставила своей целью свергнуть капиталистический строй и установить в США диктатуру пролетариата. Являлась американским отделением IV Интернационала. Штаб-квартира партии находилась в Нью-Йорке. В 1957 была создана ее молодежная секция - Союз молодых социалистов [Young Socialist Alliance]

    English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Socialist Workers' Party

  • 6 communist party

    party in office — политическая партия, находящаяся у власти

    English-Russian big medical dictionary > communist party

  • 7 new communist man

    соц., маркс. новый человек коммунистической формации, человек новой формации (тип человека с положительными ценностями, который должен был появиться по мере становления коммунистического общества; концепция Л. Троцкого)
    Syn:
    See:

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > new communist man

  • 8 Portuguese Communist Party

    (PCP)
       The Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) has evolved from its early anarcho-syndicalist roots at its formation in 1921. This evolution included the undisciplined years of the 1920s, during which bolshevization began and continued into the 1930s, then through the years of clandestine existence during the Estado Novo, the Stalinization of the 1940s, the "anarcho-liberal shift" of the 1950s, the emergence of Maoist and Trotskyist splinter groups of the 1960s, to legalization after the Revolution of 25 April 1974 as the strongest and oldest political party in Portugal. Documents from the Russian archives have shown that the PCP's history is not a purely "domestic" one. While the PCP was born on its own without Soviet assistance, once it joined the Communist International (CI), it lost a significant amount of autonomy as CI officials increasingly meddled in PCP internal politics by dictating policy, manipulating leadership elections, and often financing party activities.
       Early Portuguese communism was a mix of communist ideological strands accustomed to a spirited internal debate, a lively external debate with its rivals, and a loose organizational structure. The PCP, during its early years, was weak in grassroots membership and was basically a party of "notables." It was predominantly a male organization, with minuscule female participation. It was also primarily an urban party concentrated in Lisbon. The PCP membership declined from 3,000 in 1923 to only 40 in 1928.
       In 1929, the party was reorganized so that it could survive clandestinely. As its activity progressed in the 1930s, a long period of instability dominated its leadership organs as a result of repression, imprisonments, and disorganization. The CI continued to intervene in party affairs through the 1930s, until the PCP was expelled from the CI in 1938-39, apparently because of its conduct during police arrests.
       The years of 1939-41 were difficult ones for the party, not only because of increased domestic repression but also because of internal party splits provoked by the Nazi-Soviet pact and other foreign actions. From 1940 to 1941, two Communist parties struggled to attract the support of the CI and accused each other of "revisionism." The CI was disbanded in 1943, and the PCP was not accepted back into the international communist family until its recognition by the Cominform in 1947.
       The reorganization of 1940-41 finally put the PCP under the firm control of orthodox communists who viewed socialism from a Soviet perspective. Although Soviet support was denied the newly reorganized party at first, the new leaders continued its Stalinization. The enforcement of "democratic centralism" and insistence upon the "dictatorship of the proletariat" became entrenched. The 1940s brought increased growth, as the party reached its membership apex of the clandestine era with 1,200 members in 1943, approximately 4,800 in 1946, and 7,000 in 1947.
       The party fell on hard times in the 1950s. It developed a bad case of paranoia, which led to a witch hunt for infiltrators, informers, and spies in all ranks of the party. The lower membership figures who followed the united antifascist period were reduced further through expulsions of the "traitors." By 1951, the party had been reduced to only 1,000 members. It became a closed, sectarian, suspicious, and paranoiac organization, with diminished strength in almost every region, except in the Alentejo, where the party, through propaganda and ideology more than organizational strength, was able to mobilize strikes of landless peasants in the early 1950s.
       On 3 January 1960, Álvaro Cunhal and nine other political prisoners made a spectacular escape from the Peniche prison and fled the country. Soon after this escape, Cunhal was elected secretary-general and, with other top leaders, directed the PCP from exile. Trotskyite and Maoist fractions emerged within the party in the 1960s, strengthened by the ideological developments in the international communist movement, such as in China and Cuba. The PCP would not tolerate dissent or leftism and began purging the extreme left fractions.
       The PCP intensified its control of the labor movement after the more liberal syndical election regulations under Prime Minister Mar- cello Caetano allowed communists to run for leadership positions in the corporative unions. By 1973, there was general unrest in the labor movement due to deteriorating economic conditions brought on by the colonial wars, as well as by world economic pressures including the Arab oil boycott.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the PCP enjoyed a unique position: it was the only party to have survived the Estado Novo. It emerged from clandestinity as the best organized political party in Portugal with a leadership hardened by years in jail. Since then, despite the party's stubborn orthodoxy, it has consistently played an important role as a moderating force. As even the Socialist Party (PS) was swept up by the neoliberal tidal wave, albeit a more compassionate variant, increasingly the PCP has played a crucial role in ensuring that interests and perspectives of the traditional Left are aired.
       One of the most consistent planks of the PCP electoral platform has been opposition to every stage of European integration. The party has regularly resisted Portuguese membership in the European Economic Community (EEC) and, following membership beginning in 1986, the party has regularly resisted further integration through the European Union (EU). A major argument has been that EU membership would not resolve Portugal's chronic economic problems but would only increase its dependence on the world. Ever since, the PCP has argued that its opposition to membership was correct and that further involvement with the EU would only result in further economic dependence and a consequent loss of Portuguese national sovereignty. Further, the party maintained that as Portugal's ties with the EU increased, the vulnerable agrarian sector in Portugal would risk further losses.
       Changes in PCP leadership may or may not alter the party's electoral position and role in the political system. As younger generations forget the uniqueness of the party's resistance to the Estado Novo, public images of PCP leadership will change. As the image of Álvaro Cunhal and other historical communist leaders slowly recedes, and the stature of Carlos Carvalhas (general secretary since 1992) and other moderate leaders is enhanced, the party's survival and legitimacy have strengthened. On 6 March 2001, the PCP celebrated its 80th anniversary.
        See also Left Bloc.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Portuguese Communist Party

  • 9 new socialist man

    пол. новый человек социалистической формации*
    Syn:

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > new socialist man

  • 10 left-wing

    adjective ((having opinions which are) radical, socialist or communist.) venstrefløjs-
    * * *
    adjective ((having opinions which are) radical, socialist or communist.) venstrefløjs-

    English-Danish dictionary > left-wing

  • 11 общество

    society, community
    (среда) company
    първобитно общество a primitive community/society
    социалистическо/безкласово/комунистическо общество a socialist/classless/communist society
    висше общество high life/society
    намирам си общество find congenial company, find o.'s level
    добро/лошо общество good/bad company
    движа се в добро/лошо общество keep good/bad company
    избягвам общество тона avoid the society of
    в интереса на обществото in the public interest, in the interest of the community
    * * *
    общество̀,
    ср., -а̀ society, community; ( среда) company; в интереса на \обществоото in the public interest, in the interest of the community; висше \обществоо high life/society; влизам в \обществоото enter society; гражданско \обществоо civil society; движа се в добро/лошо \обществоо keep good/bad company; движа се във висшето \обществоо move in fashionable circles; избягвам \обществоото на avoid the society of; издигам се в \обществоото rise in the world; намирам си \обществоо find congenial company, find o.’s level; не сме се срещали в \обществоото we haven’t met socially; първобитно \обществоо истор. a primitive community/society.
    * * *
    society: join a общество - присъединявам се към общество; community;
    * * *
    1. (среда) company 2. society, community 3. в интереса на ОБЩЕСТВОто in the public interest, in the interest of the community 4. висше ОБЩЕСТВО high life/society 5. влизам в ОБЩЕСТВОто enter society 6. движа се в добро/лошо ОБЩЕСТВО keep good/bad company 7. движа се във висшето ОБЩЕСТВО move in fashionable circles 8. добро/лошо ОБЩЕСТВО good/bad company 9. избягвам ОБЩЕСТВО тона avoid the society of 10. издигам се в ОБЩЕСТВО то rise in the world 11. намирам си ОБЩЕСТВОfind congenial company, find o.'s level 12. първобитно ОБЩЕСТВО a primitive community/society 13. социалистическо/ безкласово/ комунистическо ОБЩЕСТВО a socialist/classless/communist society

    Български-английски речник > общество

  • 12 Red

    1. red [red] adj <- dd->
    1) ( colour) rot;
    2) (fig: flushing)
    to be/go [or turn] \Red rot sein/werden;
    she's gone bright \Red with embarrassment/ shame/ anger sie wurde ganz rot vor Verlegenheit/Scham/Wut;
    to be/turn \Red as a beetroot [or (Am) beet] puterrot [o rot wie eine Tomate] sein/werden;
    there were lots of \Red faces on the committee when the accusations were made public es gab eine Menge hochroter Köpfe im Komitee, als die Anschuldigungen veröffentlicht wurden
    3) ( bloodshot) eyes rot, gerötet;
    she knew he had been drinking last night because his eyes were totally \Red sie wusste, dass er letzte Nacht getrunken hatte, weil seine Augen ganz rot unterlaufen waren;
    ( from crying) rot geweint
    4) pol ( Socialist) rot; Communist kommunistisch n
    1) ( colour) Rot nt; ( shade) Rotton m;
    the pictures were painted in blues and \Reds die Gemälde waren in Blau- und Rottönen gehalten
    2) ( clothes/ fabric) Rot nt;
    [dressed] all in \Red ganz in Rot gekleidet
    to be in the \Red in den roten Zahlen sein;
    to be out of the \Red aus den roten Zahlen heraus sein
    4) pol;
    (pej fam: left-winger) Rote(r) f(m) ( fam)
    PHRASES:
    to see \Red rot sehen ( fig)
    2. Red [red] pol n; ( pej) ( fam) Rote(r) f(m) adj
    inv rot; Communist kommunistisch

    English-German students dictionary > Red

  • 13 red

    1. red [red] adj <- dd->
    1) ( colour) rot;
    2) (fig: flushing)
    to be/go [or turn] \red rot sein/werden;
    she's gone bright \red with embarrassment/ shame/ anger sie wurde ganz rot vor Verlegenheit/Scham/Wut;
    to be/turn \red as a beetroot [or (Am) beet] puterrot [o rot wie eine Tomate] sein/werden;
    there were lots of \red faces on the committee when the accusations were made public es gab eine Menge hochroter Köpfe im Komitee, als die Anschuldigungen veröffentlicht wurden
    3) ( bloodshot) eyes rot, gerötet;
    she knew he had been drinking last night because his eyes were totally \red sie wusste, dass er letzte Nacht getrunken hatte, weil seine Augen ganz rot unterlaufen waren;
    ( from crying) rot geweint
    4) pol ( Socialist) rot; Communist kommunistisch n
    1) ( colour) Rot nt; ( shade) Rotton m;
    the pictures were painted in blues and \reds die Gemälde waren in Blau- und Rottönen gehalten
    2) ( clothes/ fabric) Rot nt;
    [dressed] all in \red ganz in Rot gekleidet
    to be in the \red in den roten Zahlen sein;
    to be out of the \red aus den roten Zahlen heraus sein
    4) pol;
    (pej fam: left-winger) Rote(r) f(m) ( fam)
    PHRASES:
    to see \red rot sehen ( fig)
    2. Red [red] pol n; ( pej) ( fam) Rote(r) f(m) adj
    inv rot; Communist kommunistisch

    English-German students dictionary > red

  • 14 left-wing

    adjective ((having opinions which are) radical, socialist or communist.) de izquierda
    tr['leftwɪŋ]
    1 de izquierdas
    n.
    • ala izquierda s.f.
    'left'wɪŋ
    adjective ( Pol) de izquierda or (Esp) izquierdas, izquierdista
    ['leftˌwɪŋ]
    ADJ (Pol) de izquierda, izquierdista, de izquierdas (Sp)
    * * *
    ['left'wɪŋ]
    adjective ( Pol) de izquierda or (Esp) izquierdas, izquierdista

    English-spanish dictionary > left-wing

  • 15 left-wing

    adjective ((having opinions which are) radical, socialist or communist.) venstreorientert
    adj. \/ˈleftwɪŋ\/
    forklaring: som befinner seg på venstre kant, side eller fløy ; venstrevridd, venstreorientert, radikal

    English-Norwegian dictionary > left-wing

  • 16 left-wing

    adjective ((having opinions which are) radical, socialist or communist.) vinstrisinnaður

    English-Icelandic dictionary > left-wing

  • 17 left-wing

    adjective ((having opinions which are) radical, socialist or communist.) baloldali

    English-Hungarian dictionary > left-wing

  • 18 left-wing

    adjective ((having opinions which are) radical, socialist or communist.) esquerdista
    * * *
    left-wing2
    [left w'iŋ] adj esquerdista.

    English-Portuguese dictionary > left-wing

  • 19 left-wing

    adjective ((having opinions which are) radical, socialist or communist.) solcu

    English-Turkish dictionary > left-wing

  • 20 left-wing

    adjective ((having opinions which are) radical, socialist or communist.) levičarski
    * * *
    [léftwiŋ]
    adjective
    politics levičarski

    English-Slovenian dictionary > left-wing

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